Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development Essay

INTRODUCTIONHuman emergence is a spicyly composite plant impression among concepts of benignant sciences. Developmentalists claim that any star event in individu completelyy comprise of peasanthood organic evolution is super momentous since any re work oution to the behaviors in victimizational full heights has a vital consequence which is agnize later in valet life.Therefore I smoke state that every virtuoso action in electric s defyrhood developmental awards has a accredited impact on homos cognitive, affable, and emotional development. perception of serviceman development is effected in a large extent by six broad theoretical traditions which be psychoanalytic view layer, the knowledge viewpoint, the cognitive-developmental viewpoint, the information- processing viewpoint, the evolutionary viewpoint, and the ecological systems viewpoint. In this research writing, I am going to focus on Freuds psycho agitateual conjecture, Eriksons Theory of Psychosoc ial Development and the Pia besots Theory of cognitive Development.If I were to state basically what I concentrate in this research report on the pegs of three compassionate development theories which belong to Freud, Erikson and Pia take hold of. I exit comp atomic number 18 these development theories through and through analyzing apiece give of them p hatch of ground addressing some experiences which I sustain in my life or I accommodate come across in my environment.The purpose of comparing these three human development theories is basically to figure divulge their tax write-offs to p arnting and former(a) babehood knowledgeal activity by analyzing the characteristics of the dos of these theories in youngsterhood development. Through this research, I will be able to check the concrete examples of characteristics human development theories symbolises in my life, which means that theoretical knowledge will be shaped in my principal through personal experiences.ER IKSONS PSYCHOSOCIAL conjecture OF festering A focussing ON puerility EXPERIENCES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO PARENTING AND EARLY CHILDHOOD tuitionErikson Psychosocial Theory of Development is a framework which is ground on eight poses. These st geezerhoods are also called as crises in human development,be ride they involve psychological contends of the several(prenominal) (i.e. psycho) conflicting with the needs of society (i.e. social).( McLeod,2008). all(prenominal) correspond is vitally distinguished in human lifespan as each of them solvings in specific characteristic frisks and authentic virtues in genius.The first grade is commit versus mistrust it occurs during the first year. What I leave undergo about this st date is that the parting of palmgiver is highly crucial since the first step whether the leave of this order will be positive or negative depends on the caregiver stance towards infant completely. If I were to give an example in care centers whe re babies without family are cared poop non force sufficient and consistent affection from caregivers. this feederal agency causes these babies to pull in a perception that the macrocosm is a place which is full of fallible people, that is to say, they develop the sense of mistrust to world.The southward stage is autonomy versus shame and surmise which occurs in 1-3 years. In this stage, child is the ancestor of the gaining his emancipation that is autonomy. An example of what I sight on child in this stage my cousin who is 2-year always is in take the field with his parents as he always rejects his m opposites help while eating, and he insists on wearing his clothes on his own. These are manifestation that he tries to get the autonomy. What his parents should do in this phase is to cede him to try earmark his needs while scaffolding him, which results in a high confidence and independency in childs personality.If children are criticized, overly controlled, or non given the opportunity to preserve themselves, they begin to receive inadequate in their ability to survive, and may then fashion overly dependent upon others, lack self-esteem, and feel a sense of shame or doubt in their own abilities.( McLeod,2008) troika stage is scuttle vs guilty occurring well-nigh age three to age five. When comes to its implication on parenting and proterozoic childhood development In this process, children initiate many activities, they take form games on they own. and the most signifi appriset characteristics feature is asking questions. I remember that when my blood buddy was around five years old, he was always asking me a lot of questions about everything he saw. I was fed up with that mess of questions.However, I was attempt to respond him as I was sensible this fact that if I do not respond him, he will bump ask questions and he will curb his questions on his mind after a while ,which prevents him from developing cognitively, socially and emotionally. match to Eriksons theory, if child is stopped to act and ask freely, they will develop feelings of guilt. So, backdrop a balance surrounded by initiative and guilt is highly important in this stage.Fourth stage is industry vs. lower status occurring age 6 to age 12. In this stage, the dominant characteristic feature is productivity. baby starts to produce after reading he can sum up, moreover, he can make up stories, and new games. He develops new skills which include cognitive and psychomotor skills. As for its implication on parenting and early childhood education When children are boost in their efforts to make, do or course practicalthings (whether it be to construct offensive crawlers, three houses or airplane models-or to cook, oven broil or sew), are allowed to finish their products, and are praised and regarded for the results, then the sense of industry is enhanced. just now parents who see their childrens efforts at do and doing as mischief, and as simply making a mess, help to encourage in children a sense of inferiority.( Elkind,1970)FREUDS psychosexual speculation OF DEVELOPMENT A centre ON CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENTFreud psychosexual Theory of development is found on five stages in which human personality develops. If all stages are stepped on appropriately, the personality will be healthy. In some situations, person can not pass the stage successfully, he can get stuck in one of these stages. the point which I focus on is the implications of Freud Psychosexual theory of development to personality development. I will apply my experiences in array to make the stages clearer.The first stage is viva voce stage occurring from birth to age 1. If I were to explain briefly spoken stage the prominent feature of oral stage is that child satisfies himself through oral way, that is, he gets pleasance from sucking and biting. How should parents behave towards the child in oral stage?If , however, a babys need for entertainment through the mouth is not quenched or over satisfied at this stage, it can carry to problems of trust and independence in adulthood. Over-satisfaction at this stage can lead to over dependence on others while deprivation can lead to a highly suspicious, argumentative nature. viva voce fixated adults can become smokers or lam to over-eat when stressed.( Cook,2006 )I remember the time when my youngest brother was about one years old, he apply to stick to puff all day and night. Whenever my fuck off would take the sympathiser out his mouth, he would scream and birdsong till my mother would give the sympathiser back. What I ascertained on my brother would cause me to think about the basis behind it. I would not drift a meaning on the fare of pacifier of babies. I would think that the pacifier is not filled with any food, so it does not feed the babies. Then why are they stick to pacifier? later I learned about the oral stage ofFreu d Theory, I came to realize the developmental base of my brothers bank for pacifier.The second stage is anal stage occurring from age 1 to 3. Like other stages, parenting style has a very coarse impact on child personality during anal stage. If parents attitude towards child is too permissive, child develops a reckless, disorganized, not self-disciplined character. If parents attitude towards child is too strict, child develops a strict, rigid and obsessive character.The 3rd stage is phallic stage occurring between age 3 and 5. What I have observed is that during phallic stage children get satisfied with touching genitals. They get pleasure from the stimulation of genitals. When comes to parenting, I remember that my mother used to warn my youngest brother when he took off his pant in ordinance to touch his genital.It is at this stage that parents who counterbalance with revulsion to the child playing with themselves and target them not to do it again solicitude may be produc ed that may cause problems in adulthood much(prenominal) as frigidity, impotence, promiscuity and at the least, a priggish attitude.(Cook,2006) The last important point is that realizing sex roles occurs during phallic stage.The next stage is reaction time stage occurring between age 5 and 12. Sexual energy is suppressed by the development of ego and superego during latency stage. squirt gets in contact with peers in social environment. the crucial point is that during latency stage the sexual energy does not fly however it is directed to other areas such as hobbies, interests, social interactions, and social activities. instructor should facilitate children interest and hobbies in direct to convert their energy in a healthy way. Parents need to be provide children with a environment which is conducive to fall out energy for hobbies and interest appropriately.PIAGETS THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT A FOCUS ON CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONP iagets Theory is based on four stages.The first stage is sensorimotor stageoccurring from birth to age 2. How should parents or caregiver lift the child in sensorimotor stage? Parents and caregivers need to be aware of this fact that children in this age can not comprehend the meaning of the symbols. The all knowledge they have is based on physical interactions and experiences. Thats why, parents need to make children understand concepts throughdemonstration or ocularization. Parents/ caregivers should let children in this stage do trial and error since they learn and have experiences through trial and error.The second stage is pre usable stage occurring between age 2 and 7. How should teachers approach the child in preoperational stage? Teachers should be facilitator for their learning.They should provide concrete and visual materials and prompts in order to encourage their understanding. Children in this stage start to develop complex cognitive skills.Teachers should provide th em a learning environment according to their level in order to make them develop cognitive skills appropriately.The third stage is concrete operational stage occurring between the ages of 7-11 years.What I observed is that the child who is very selfish in preoperational stage changes his behavior in concrete preoperational stage.If I were to give an example, my cousin used to hate sharing his toys with his brother when he was 5 years old. In his age 8, I realized that he started to dowery his color pencils with his friends at school. So, I came to this point that he got rid of his self-centeredness and egocentric manners in this stage.Intellectual development in this stage is demonstrated through the use of logical and systematic employment of symbols, which are related to concrete objects.(Wood and Grossniklaus, 2001) If I were to act from these characteristic feature of this stage, the approach of teacher should be in a way that they should provide children concrete, and visual materials by which children can extend their logical persuasion and broaden their perception appropriately.CONCLUSION head start of all I should state that I got pleasure with what I learned during preparing this report. I came up with many realizations about the early education after analyzing three different approaches to human development. In my opinion, the most important result of this report is that I coif meanings on what I have experienced and observed on behaviors and manners of children.I categorize the children behaviors I observed into a certain stage of each theory.Another important result of this report is that considering these theoriess implications on childhood experiences and early childhood education made me realize the strong partnership between development stages and caregiverss/ parents /teachers role in human development. As I stated before, every single event in each stage of childhood development is extremely significant since every reaction to the behav iors in developmental stages has a vital meaning which is realized later in human life.Get to conclusion, the last important result of the report is that I realized the greatness of the relation between instruction/education programs and development stages. I deduced that the level, activities, and materials included in instruction programs must be by all odds in consistent with each stage of development in order to result in success in personality and education life.REFERENCESWood, K. C., Smith, H., Grossniklaus, D. (2001). _Piagets Stages of Cognitive Developmen_t. In M. Orey (Ed.), _Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology_. Retrieved from http//projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/Elkind, D. Erik Eriksons Eight Stages of Man. _New York multiplication Magazine_. 1970. Web. 18 May2014.Mcleod, S. (2008). _Erik Erikson._ Retrieved from http//www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.htmlWagner, K.V. (2010). _Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development._ Retrieved from http//www .allbookez.com/pdf/14l5en/Cook. M. (2006). _Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development._ Retrieved from http//valen1971.webs.com/Assessments/Freuds%20Theory%20of%20Psychosexual%20Development.pdf